Temple of Orissa
- Prof. K. S. Behera
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Q.1) What does the temple symbolize according to the passage?
A) The life of kings and priests
B) The image of this life, samsara
C) The divine abode of deities only
D) The cosmic mountain Meru
Q.2) The carvings on the temple represent —
A) Episodes from epics
B) Scenes of royal life
C) Celestial and astronomical designs
D) Everything that belongs to samsara and perpetuates illusion
Q.3) How is the image of God described inside the temple chamber?
A) Alone, illuminated by tiny lamps seen from afar
B) Surrounded by crowds of worshippers
C) Lit by natural sunlight through openings
D) Covered with gold and jewels
Q.4) According to A.K. Coomaraswamy, what does the temple symbolize?
A) The royal power of Orissan kings
B) Western cathedral designs
C) Phenomenal life as an embroidered veil beyond which the devotee seeks God
D) The hierarchy of social order
Q.5) According to Stella Kramrisch, what is the nature of Orissan temple architecture?
A) Architecture focuses mainly on geometry
B) Architecture in Orissa is sculpture on a gigantic scale
C) Sculpture is separate from temple architecture
D) Architecture is secondary to sculpture
Q.6) The sculptural repertoire of Orissan temples includes all except —
A) Human figures and erotic sculptures
B) Cult icons, animals, mythical creatures
C) Decorative scrolls and chaitya windows
D) Only floral designs without human figures
Q.7) What are pidha and khakhara-mundis mentioned as?
A) Forms of rituals
B) Types of architectural motifs
C) Religious sects
D) Types of inscriptions
Q.8) What happens to the sculptures when they are detached from the temple?
A) They gain more prominence
B) They become easier to preserve
C) They lose much of their grace and animation
D) They transform into icons of worship
Q.9) How is the door-frame of the Konark temple described?
A) Simple and unadorned
B) Divided into five ornamental panels
C) Covered with gold leaf
D) Elegantly decorated and divided into seven bands or sakhas
Q.10) What figures are generally found at the bottom of the door-jambs in Orissan temples?
A) Kirtimukhas
B) Nagas and Nagis
C) Celestial dancers
D) Ganga and Yamuna
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Temple of Orissa
- Prof. K. S. Behera
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Q.1) What was the composition of the fine plaster used in Orissan temples?
A) 3 parts lime and 1 part sand
B) 2 parts lime and 2 parts clay
C) 1 part lime and 3 parts sand
D) 3 parts lime and 2 parts soil
Q.2) What material mixture was used for the red pigment on the Muktesvara temple walls?
A) Lime and charcoal
B) Clay mixed with local red ochre or haematite
C) Red soil and limestone
D) Iron oxide and sand
Q.3) What feature best defines the Orissan temple tradition?
A) Static and unchanging
B) Hybrid Indo-Islamic influence
C) A continuously evolving architectural tradition
D) South Indian derivative style
Q.4) How was the temple-building tradition transmitted across generations?
A) Through royal edicts
B) Passed orally and practically from one generation to another
C) Recorded in architectural treatises only
D) Imported from other regions
Q.5) What aspect of the Orissan temple tradition remained unchanged despite stylistic changes?
A) Uniform ornamentation
B) Consistent stone size and layout
C) Single dynastic patronage
D) Continuity in development and growth
Q.6) How many evolutionary phases marked the development of Orissan temple architecture?
A) Three phases
B) Four phases
C) Five phases
D) Six phases
Q.7) Between which centuries did the Orissan temple style evolve?
A) 5th B.C. to 5th A.D.
B) 8th A.D. to 18th A.D.
C) 6th A.D. to 16th A.D.
D) 10th A.D. to 12th A.D.
Q.8) The five architectural phases correspond to —
A) Five regions of Orissa
B) Five ruling dynasties of Orissa
C) Five temple architects
D) Five religious sects
Q.9) Which term best captures the character of Orissan temple development?
A) Evolutionary
B) Borrowed
C) Abrupt
D) Rigid
Q.10) What is emphasized about the stylistic evolution in Orissan temples?
A) Abrupt transformation
B) Decorative uniformity
C) Foreign influence at each stage
D) Distinct changes with continuous development
Q.11) Who mentioned the use of red paint and plaster in Orissan temples?
A) Percy Brown
B) T. R. Gairola
C) Debala Mitra
D) N. K. Sahu
Q.12) What natural pigment was used to achieve the brick-red finish on Muktesvara Temple?
A) Yellow ochre
B) Laterite dust
C) Red ochre or haematite
D) Lime oxide
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