Temple of Orissa
- Prof. K. S. Behera
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Q.1) Which inscription mentions the Kalinga type of temple along with Nagar, Dravida, and Vesara styles?
A) Lingaraja temple inscription at Bhubaneswar
B) Konark temple inscription
C) Jagannath temple inscription at Puri
D) Amritesvara temple inscription at Holal (Bellary district)
Q.2) What does the mention of Kalinga style in early inscriptions indicate?
A) The temple style of Orissa was distinct and recognised even in the pre-Muslim period
B) The Kalinga style emerged only after Muslim invasions
C) It was identical to Dravida style
D) It had no influence outside Orissa
Q.3) Which of the following terms were used in Orissan inscriptions to denote temples?
A) Vimana, mandapa, and shikhara
B) Pitha, bada, and gandi
C) Devayatanam, mandiram, prasada, bhavanam, grha
D) Sthala, nagara, and bhavana
Q.4) What are the two main components of a typical Orissan temple?
A) Natamandira and bhogamandapa
B) Sanctum (vimana or deula) and the porch (jagamohana)
C) Pitha and bada
D) Garbhagriha and mandapa
Q.5) What is the order of the main temple or vimana in Orissan architecture?
A) Rekha order
B) Pidha order
C) Bhadra order
D) Rathaka order
Q.6) What is the architectural form of the jagamohana or porch?
A) Rekha deula with a curvilinear shikhara
B) Circular dome with amalaka
C) Pidha deula with a pyramidal superstructure
D) Square flat roof with kalasa
Q.7) In the earlier phase of Orissan style, what was the form of the jagamohana?
A) It had a flat roof and no pidha deula
B) It had a curvilinear roof
C) It was circular in form
D) It was dome-shaped
Q.8) What are the horizontal tiers of the pidha called?
A) Paga
B) Potala
C) Rathaka
D) Bandhana
Q.9) What is the vertical space between two potalas called?
A) Jangha
B) Kalasa
C) Pabhaga
D) Kanti
Q.10) How does the uppermost pidha generally compare in size to the lowest one?
A) Equal in size to the lowest one
B) Larger than the lowest one
C) Half the size of the lowest one
D) Double the size of the lowest one
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Temple of Orissa
- Prof. K. S. Behera
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Q.1) What was the composition of the fine plaster used in Orissan temples?
A) 3 parts lime and 1 part sand
B) 2 parts lime and 2 parts clay
C) 1 part lime and 3 parts sand
D) 3 parts lime and 2 parts soil
Q.2) What material mixture was used for the red pigment on the Muktesvara temple walls?
A) Lime and charcoal
B) Clay mixed with local red ochre or haematite
C) Red soil and limestone
D) Iron oxide and sand
Q.3) What feature best defines the Orissan temple tradition?
A) Static and unchanging
B) Hybrid Indo-Islamic influence
C) A continuously evolving architectural tradition
D) South Indian derivative style
Q.4) How was the temple-building tradition transmitted across generations?
A) Through royal edicts
B) Passed orally and practically from one generation to another
C) Recorded in architectural treatises only
D) Imported from other regions
Q.5) What aspect of the Orissan temple tradition remained unchanged despite stylistic changes?
A) Uniform ornamentation
B) Consistent stone size and layout
C) Single dynastic patronage
D) Continuity in development and growth
Q.6) How many evolutionary phases marked the development of Orissan temple architecture?
A) Three phases
B) Four phases
C) Five phases
D) Six phases
Q.7) Between which centuries did the Orissan temple style evolve?
A) 5th B.C. to 5th A.D.
B) 8th A.D. to 18th A.D.
C) 6th A.D. to 16th A.D.
D) 10th A.D. to 12th A.D.
Q.8) The five architectural phases correspond to —
A) Five regions of Orissa
B) Five ruling dynasties of Orissa
C) Five temple architects
D) Five religious sects
Q.9) Which term best captures the character of Orissan temple development?
A) Evolutionary
B) Borrowed
C) Abrupt
D) Rigid
Q.10) What is emphasized about the stylistic evolution in Orissan temples?
A) Abrupt transformation
B) Decorative uniformity
C) Foreign influence at each stage
D) Distinct changes with continuous development
Q.11) Who mentioned the use of red paint and plaster in Orissan temples?
A) Percy Brown
B) T. R. Gairola
C) Debala Mitra
D) N. K. Sahu
Q.12) What natural pigment was used to achieve the brick-red finish on Muktesvara Temple?
A) Yellow ochre
B) Laterite dust
C) Red ochre or haematite
D) Lime oxide
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