Temple of Orissa
- Prof. K. S. Behera
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Q.1) What does the sculpture at the Siddha Mahavira Temple at Puri depict?
A) A royal procession
B) A temple under construction
C) A religious festival
D) A temple renovation ritual
Q.2) How many masons are shown working on the top of the unfinished gandi?
A) Four
B) Three
C) Two
D) Six
Q.3) What material formed the slope used for transporting stones in the temple construction scene?
A) Wooden planks
B) Earth
C) Sand
D) Clay
Q.4) What major constructional technique was used in Orissan temples?
A) True arch system
B) Vault construction
C) Brick-lintel technique
D) Corbelling system
Q.5) Which architectural feature was never used by Orissan craftsmen?
A) True arch
B) Corbelled roof
C) Iron beams
D) Mudas
Q.6) What construction technique was used to impart stability to temple walls?
A) Using iron clamps between stones
B) Tying opposite walls by means of mudas or ceilings
C) Filling gaps with lime mortar
D) Placing lead sheets between layers
Q.7) In temple architecture, what does the term gardha-muda refer to?
A) The uppermost stone finial
B) The central pillar of the sanctum
C) The bottom ceiling resting over iron beams
D) The decorative band of the roof
Q.8) What structural feature distinguished smaller sanctums from larger temples?
A) Smaller temples used brick instead of stone
B) Smaller temples lacked a shikhara
C) Larger temples lacked sanctums
D) Larger temples had four pillars in the jagamohana
Q.9) What type of masonry was most common in Orissan temples?
A) Lime-mortar masonry
B) Dry masonry without mortar
C) Cement-mortar masonry
D) Brick and clay mortar masonry
Q.10) How were the stones held together in the construction of Orissan temples?
A) By applying lime mortar
B) By using iron clamps and nails
C) By using natural adhesives
D) By a counterpoise system — each stone balanced by another
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Temple of Orissa
- Prof. K. S. Behera
✨ Click the Options ✨
Q.1) What was the composition of the fine plaster used in Orissan temples?
A) 3 parts lime and 1 part sand
B) 2 parts lime and 2 parts clay
C) 1 part lime and 3 parts sand
D) 3 parts lime and 2 parts soil
Q.2) What material mixture was used for the red pigment on the Muktesvara temple walls?
A) Lime and charcoal
B) Clay mixed with local red ochre or haematite
C) Red soil and limestone
D) Iron oxide and sand
Q.3) What feature best defines the Orissan temple tradition?
A) Static and unchanging
B) Hybrid Indo-Islamic influence
C) A continuously evolving architectural tradition
D) South Indian derivative style
Q.4) How was the temple-building tradition transmitted across generations?
A) Through royal edicts
B) Passed orally and practically from one generation to another
C) Recorded in architectural treatises only
D) Imported from other regions
Q.5) What aspect of the Orissan temple tradition remained unchanged despite stylistic changes?
A) Uniform ornamentation
B) Consistent stone size and layout
C) Single dynastic patronage
D) Continuity in development and growth
Q.6) How many evolutionary phases marked the development of Orissan temple architecture?
A) Three phases
B) Four phases
C) Five phases
D) Six phases
Q.7) Between which centuries did the Orissan temple style evolve?
A) 5th B.C. to 5th A.D.
B) 8th A.D. to 18th A.D.
C) 6th A.D. to 16th A.D.
D) 10th A.D. to 12th A.D.
Q.8) The five architectural phases correspond to —
A) Five regions of Orissa
B) Five ruling dynasties of Orissa
C) Five temple architects
D) Five religious sects
Q.9) Which term best captures the character of Orissan temple development?
A) Evolutionary
B) Borrowed
C) Abrupt
D) Rigid
Q.10) What is emphasized about the stylistic evolution in Orissan temples?
A) Abrupt transformation
B) Decorative uniformity
C) Foreign influence at each stage
D) Distinct changes with continuous development
Q.11) Who mentioned the use of red paint and plaster in Orissan temples?
A) Percy Brown
B) T. R. Gairola
C) Debala Mitra
D) N. K. Sahu
Q.12) What natural pigment was used to achieve the brick-red finish on Muktesvara Temple?
A) Yellow ochre
B) Laterite dust
C) Red ochre or haematite
D) Lime oxide
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