Temple of Orissa
- Prof. K. S. Behera
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Q.1) What led to the erection of temples in India according to the passage?
A) Belief in a personal God and image worship
B) Influence of foreign architecture
C) Spread of Buddhism
D) Patronage of kings
Q.2) With the growth of which religion did temple building in Orissa flourish?
A) Jainism
B) Buddhism
C) Brahmanical religion
D) Vaishnavism
Q.3) According to Fergusson, Orissan temples form:
A) A heterogeneous architectural group
B) The most massive stone structures in Asia
C) A blend of northern and southern styles
D) One of the most compact and homogeneous architectural groups in India
Q.4) Around which centuries did brisk architectural activity begin in Orissa?
A) 6th–7th centuries A.D.
B) 3rd–4th centuries A.D.
C) 8th–9th centuries A.D.
D) 10th–11th centuries A.D.
Q.5) Which temple marks the completion of the Orissan temple style?
A) Mukteswar Temple
B) Lingaraja Temple
C) Rajarani Temple
D) Parsurameswar Temple
Q.6) When did the Orissan temple style reach its climax?
A) 9th century A.D.
B) 15th century A.D.
C) Middle of the 13th century A.D.
D) 5th century A.D.
Q.7) What is the main difficulty in ascertaining the origin of Orissan temples?
A) Absence of inscriptions
B) Lack of adequate archaeological data
C) Influence of South Indian architecture
D) Limited literary references
Q.8) The Orissan temple architecture developed its own individual features during:
A) The course of its evolution
B) The Mauryan period
C) The post-Gupta period
D) The colonial period
Q.9) What name is given to the Orissan style of temple architecture?
A) Nagara Style
B) Kalinga Style
C) Dravida Style
D) Vesara Style
Q.10) Who described Orissan temples as 'one of the most compact and homogeneous architectural groups in India'?
A) Percy Brown
B) Stella Kramrisch
C) R.D. Banerji
D) James Fergusson
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Temple of Orissa
- Prof. K. S. Behera
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Q.1) What was the composition of the fine plaster used in Orissan temples?
A) 3 parts lime and 1 part sand
B) 2 parts lime and 2 parts clay
C) 1 part lime and 3 parts sand
D) 3 parts lime and 2 parts soil
Q.2) What material mixture was used for the red pigment on the Muktesvara temple walls?
A) Lime and charcoal
B) Clay mixed with local red ochre or haematite
C) Red soil and limestone
D) Iron oxide and sand
Q.3) What feature best defines the Orissan temple tradition?
A) Static and unchanging
B) Hybrid Indo-Islamic influence
C) A continuously evolving architectural tradition
D) South Indian derivative style
Q.4) How was the temple-building tradition transmitted across generations?
A) Through royal edicts
B) Passed orally and practically from one generation to another
C) Recorded in architectural treatises only
D) Imported from other regions
Q.5) What aspect of the Orissan temple tradition remained unchanged despite stylistic changes?
A) Uniform ornamentation
B) Consistent stone size and layout
C) Single dynastic patronage
D) Continuity in development and growth
Q.6) How many evolutionary phases marked the development of Orissan temple architecture?
A) Three phases
B) Four phases
C) Five phases
D) Six phases
Q.7) Between which centuries did the Orissan temple style evolve?
A) 5th B.C. to 5th A.D.
B) 8th A.D. to 18th A.D.
C) 6th A.D. to 16th A.D.
D) 10th A.D. to 12th A.D.
Q.8) The five architectural phases correspond to —
A) Five regions of Orissa
B) Five ruling dynasties of Orissa
C) Five temple architects
D) Five religious sects
Q.9) Which term best captures the character of Orissan temple development?
A) Evolutionary
B) Borrowed
C) Abrupt
D) Rigid
Q.10) What is emphasized about the stylistic evolution in Orissan temples?
A) Abrupt transformation
B) Decorative uniformity
C) Foreign influence at each stage
D) Distinct changes with continuous development
Q.11) Who mentioned the use of red paint and plaster in Orissan temples?
A) Percy Brown
B) T. R. Gairola
C) Debala Mitra
D) N. K. Sahu
Q.12) What natural pigment was used to achieve the brick-red finish on Muktesvara Temple?
A) Yellow ochre
B) Laterite dust
C) Red ochre or haematite
D) Lime oxide
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